Mechanical Tests
1. Tensile Strength
The most important features in design are how durable the materials are and to what extent they have the capacity to change shape. The most common test used to determine the strength and strain properties of materials is the "TENSILE TEST". Tensile test is a test sample (tensile sample) prepared for this purpose, connected to the tensile machine and subjected to tensile force. The acting force is increased until the sample is broken. Meanwhile, the force acting and the elongation of the test specimen are continuously recorded by the system. The tensile force applied in the tension rods is accepted as Newton (N). Tensile test results include Maximum Load, Maximum Load Deflection, Maximum Elongation, Fracture Load, Fracture Deflection, Elastic Modulus results.
2. Yield Strength
In the tensile test, the force applied to the material causes permanent deformation by removing the material from its elastic state after a point. This point is called the yield limit. If the force is removed before the yield limit is exceeded, the material will return to its original state. The force measured at this point shows us the yield strength of the steel. It is denoted in Newtons / square millimeters (N/mm2).
3. Elongation
It is defined as the highest rate of permanent elongation that occurs in the length of the tensile specimen. It is displayed as a percentage (%).
4. Reduction in Area
It is the ratio of the cross section of the drawbar at the time it breaks to the initial section and is expressed as a %.
5. Charpy Impact Test
Charpy impact test is performed in order to determine how much fracture energy the materials have against dynamic loads, to measure the amount of energy absorbed by the material due to sudden impact, to evaluate the ductility-brittleness properties of the material, and to determine at which temperatures the material is ductile and at which temperatures it is brittle. A charpy is implemented on the test specimen used in the charpy impact test in order to provide a three-dimensional stress. If the charpy opens right in the middle of the sample and the hammer of the tester crashes from the back of the charpy line of the notched sample, the test is called the CHARPY Impact Test. If the charpy is implemented at a further distance from the center of the sample (for example, in 1/3 of the sample) and the crushing hammer of the test device crashes near the end edge of the notched sample, the sample is broken, the name of the test is called IZOD Charpy Impact Test.
6. Hardness
Hardness: It is the resistance of a material against a hard object immersed in its surface. Hardness values are extremely important as they are directly related to the strength of the materials. Hardness test is a non-destructive test method that gives relative values about the strength of materials. • Hardness measurement methods are classified as follows according to the geometry of the penetrating tip and the magnitude of the applied force: • Brinell hardness measurement method (BSD - HB)
• Vickers hardness measurement method (VSD - HV)
• Rockwell hardness measurement method (RSD-C - HRC)
